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RISC OS

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the operating system developed by Acorn Computers Ltd. For the OS developed by MIPS Computer Systems, see <a href="MIPS_RISC/os" title="MIPS RISC/os">MIPS RISC/os</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">RISC OS</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">A screenshot of RISC OS 5.30 (released 2024) running on a <a href="Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn Computers</a>

Open-source (version 5)

<ul><li><a href="Castle_Technology" title="Castle Technology">Castle Technology</a></li>

Proprietary (versions 4 & 6)

<ul><li><a href="RISCOS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISCOS Ltd">RISCOS Ltd</a></li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Current</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Closed_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source">Closed source</a>; <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> for some versions since 2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">25 September 1987 (1987-09-25)<a href="#cite_note-arthur_os_copyright_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">

<ul><li>5.30<a href="#cite_note-ROOL_news_2024-04-27-2">[2]</a> / 27 April 2024 (2024-04-27)</li>

<li>6.20 / 1 December 2009 (2009-12-01)</li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest preview</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.31</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn</a> <a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Flash_ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash ROM">Flash ROM</a>, <a href="Programmable_read-only_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Programmable read-only memory">OTP ROM</a>, or loadable <a href="ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM image</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">PackMan, RiscPkg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Supported platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">Default user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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<ul><li><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (version 5)</li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> (version 6)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Acorn_MOS" title="Acorn MOS">MOS</a> (discontinued) <a href="ARX_(operating_system)" title="ARX (operating system)">ARX</a> (discontinued)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riscosopen.org">riscosopen.org</a> RISC OS Open <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riscos.com">riscos.com</a> RISCOS</td></tr></tbody></table>

RISC OS (/rɪsk.oʊˈɛs/)<a href="#cite_note-acorn_developer_news_issue14-4">[4]</a> is an <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> designed to run on <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a> computers. Originally designed in 1987 by <a href="Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn Computers</a> of England, it was made for use in its new line of ARM-based <a href="Acorn_Archimedes" title="Acorn Archimedes">Archimedes</a> personal computers and was then shipped with other computers produced by the company. Despite the demise of Acorn, RISC OS continues to be developed today by the <a href="RISC_OS_Open" title="RISC OS Open">RISC OS Open</a> community on version 5.0 of the system that was <a href="Open_sourced" class="mw-redirect" title="Open sourced">open sourced</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

RISC OS is a <a href="Modular_programming" title="Modular programming">modular</a> operating system and takes its name from the <a href="Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">reduced instruction set computer</a> (RISC) architecture it supports. It incorporates a <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> and a <a href="Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">windowing system</a>. Between 1987 and 1998, RISC OS shipped with every ARM-based Acorn computer including the Archimedes line, Acorn's R line (with <a href="RISC_iX" title="RISC iX">RISC iX</a> as a dual-boot option), <a href="RiscPC" class="mw-redirect" title="RiscPC">RiscPC</a>, <a href="Acorn_A7000" title="Acorn A7000">A7000</a>, and prototype models such as the Acorn <a href="Acorn_Computers#NewsPad" title="Acorn Computers">NewsPad</a> and <a href="Phoebe_(computer)" title="Phoebe (computer)">Phoebe computer</a>. A version of the OS, named <a href="NCOS" title="NCOS">NCOS</a>, was used in <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>'s <a href="Network_Computer" title="Network Computer">Network Computer</a> and compatible systems.

After the break-up of Acorn, development of the OS was <a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> and continued separately by several companies, including <a href="RISCOS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISCOS Ltd">RISCOS Ltd</a>, <a href="Pace_Micro_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pace Micro Technology">Pace Micro Technology</a>, <a href="Castle_Technology" title="Castle Technology">Castle Technology</a>, and RISC OS Developments.<a href="#cite_note-riscosdev-6">[6]</a> Since then, it has been bundled with several ARM-based desktop computers such as the <a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix PC</a><a href="#cite_note-Acorn_press_release_1998-10-12-7">[7]</a> and <a href="A9home" title="A9home">A9home</a>. Most recent stable versions run on the ARMv3/ARMv4 <a href="RiscPC" class="mw-redirect" title="RiscPC">RiscPC</a>, the ARMv5 <a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Iyonix_at_a_glance_RO5_features-8">[8]</a> <a href="ARMv7" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv7">ARMv7</a> <a href="Cortex-A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortex-A8">Cortex-A8</a> processors<a href="#cite_note-theinquirer_snaps_leak-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-RISC_OS_Open_wiki_Cortex-A8_port_status-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> and <a href="Cortex-A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortex-A9">Cortex-A9</a> processors<a href="#cite_note-ROOL_news_2015-04-25-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a> and the low-cost educational <a href="Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a> series of computers, with the exception of the Raspberry Pi 5.<a href="#cite_note-iconbar_newsround-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-osnews_risc_os-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive_london_show_2011-16">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="History_of_RISC_OS" title="History of RISC OS">History of RISC OS</a></div>

The first version of RISC OS was originally released in 1987 as Arthur 1.20. The next version, Arthur 2, became RISC OS 2 and was released in April 1989. RISC OS 3.00 was released with the A5000 in 1991, and contained many new features. By 1996, RISC OS had been shipped on over 500,000 systems.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a>

Acorn officially halted work on the OS in January 1999, renaming themselves <a href="Element_14_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Element 14 (company)">Element 14</a>. In March 1999 a new company, <a href="RISCOS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISCOS Ltd">RISCOS Ltd</a>, licensed the rights to develop a desktop version of RISC OS from Element 14, and continued the development of RISC OS 3.8, releasing it as RISC OS 4 in July 1999. Meanwhile, Element 14 had also kept a copy of RISC OS 3.8 in house, which they developed into <a href="NCOS" title="NCOS">NCOS</a> for use in <a href="Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a>. In 2000, as part of the acquisition of Acorn Group plc by MSDW Investment, RISC OS was sold to <a href="Pace_plc" title="Pace plc">Pace Micro Technology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-register19990429-18">[16]</a> who later sold it to <a href="Castle_Technology" title="Castle Technology">Castle Technology</a> Ltd.

In May 2001, RISCOS Ltd launched RISC OS Select, a subscription scheme allowing users access to the latest RISC OS 4 updates. These upgrades are released as soft-loadable <a href="ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM images</a>, separate to the ROM where the boot OS is stored, and are loaded at boot time. Select 1 was shipped in May 2002, with Select 2 following in November 2002 and the final release of Select 3 in June 2004. In the same month, RISC OS 4.39, dubbed RISC OS Adjust, was released. RISC OS Adjust was a culmination of all the Select Scheme updates to date, released as a physical set of replaceable ROMs for the RiscPC and A7000 series of machines.

Meanwhile, in October 2002, <a href="Castle_Technology" title="Castle Technology">Castle Technology</a> released the Acorn clone <a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix PC</a>. This ran a <a href="32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> (in contrast to <a href="26-bit_computing" title="26-bit computing">26-bit</a>) variant of RISC OS, named RISC OS 5. RISC OS 5 is a separate evolution of RISC OS based upon the <a href="NCOS" title="NCOS">NCOS</a> work done by Pace. The following year, Castle Technology bought RISC OS from Pace for an undisclosed sum. In October 2006, Castle announced a <a href="Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">shared source</a> license plan, managed by <a href="RISC_OS_Open_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC OS Open Limited">RISC OS Open Limited</a>, for elements of RISC OS 5.

In October 2018, RISC OS 5 was re-licensed under the <a href="Apache_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache 2.0">Apache 2.0</a> license.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a>

In 2018 RISC OS Developments acquired Castle Technology Ltd including its intellectual property.<a href="#cite_note-riscosdev-6">[6]</a>

In December 2020, the source code of RISC OS 3.71 was leaked to The Pirate Bay.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

The OS is <a href="Single-user" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-user">single-user</a> and employs <a href="Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">cooperative multitasking</a> (CMT).<a href="#cite_note-byte_tired-20">[18]</a> While most current desktop OSes use <a href="Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">preemptive</a> <a href="Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a> (PMT) and <a href="Thread_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread (computer science)">multithreading</a>, RISC OS remains with a CMT system. By 2003, many users had called for the OS to migrate to PMT.<a href="#cite_note-drobe_williams_pmt_2003-21">[19]</a> The OS <a href="Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">memory protection</a> is not comprehensive.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> A third party attempt to add preemptive multitasking was started in 1999, as the Wimp2 project,<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> and similar goal added to the RISC OS Open roadmap in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> In addition support for Posix / SysV / BSD pthread (preemptive-threading) was made available through the provision of UnixLib 3.6 in 1992, a C library introduced to permit the porting of the standard GNU / BSD tool chains to RISC OS, by Alun Jones, then of the Higher Education National Software Archive (HENSA). As of 2025 UnixLib is available through the PackMan package manager.

The core of the OS is stored in <a href="Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a>, giving a fast <a href="Bootup" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootup">bootup</a> time and safety from operating system corruption. RISC OS 4 and 5 are stored in 4 MB of <a href="Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>, or as a <a href="ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM image</a> on <a href="SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a> on single board computers such as the Beagleboard or Raspberry Pi, allowing the operating system to be updated without having to replace the ROM chip. The OS is made up of several <a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">modules</a>. These can be added to and replaced, including soft-loading of modules not present in ROM at run time and on-the-fly replacement. This design has led to OS developers releasing rolling updates to their versions of the OS, while third parties are able to write OS replacement modules to add new features. OS modules are accessed via software interrupts (SWIs), similar to <a href="System_call" title="System call">system calls</a> in other operating systems.

Most of the OS has defined <a href="Application_binary_interface" title="Application binary interface">application binary interfaces</a> (ABIs) to handle filters and vectors. The OS provides many ways in which a program can intercept and modify its operation. This simplifies the task of modifying its behaviour, either in the GUI, or deeper. As a result, there are several third-party programs which allow customising the OS look and feel.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_system">File system</h3></div>

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The <a href="File_system" title="File system">file system</a> is volume-oriented: the top level of the file hierarchy is a volume (disc, network share) prefixed by the file system type. To determine <a href="File_type" class="mw-redirect" title="File type">file type</a>, the OS uses <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> instead of <a href="File_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="File extension">file extensions</a>. Colons are used to separate the file system from the rest of the path; the root is represented by a dollar (<code>$</code>) sign and directories are separated by a full stop (<code>.</code>). Extensions from foreign file systems are shown using a slash (<code>example.txt</code> becomes <code>example/txt</code>).<a href="#cite_note-drobe_naulls_2004-26">[24]</a> For example, <code>ADFS::HardDisc4.$</code> is the root of the disc named HardDisc4 using the <a href="Advanced_Disc_Filing_System" title="Advanced Disc Filing System">Advanced Disc Filing System</a> (ADFS) file system. RISC OS filetypes can be preserved on other systems by appending the hexadecimal type as '<code>,xxx</code>' to filenames.<a href="#cite_note-drobe_naulls_2004-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-osnews_round_2004-27">[25]</a> When using <a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> software, filetypes can be invoked on other systems by naming appending '<code>/[extension]</code>' to the filename under RISC OS.<a href="#cite_note-archive_fitton_1994-28">[26]</a>

A file system can present a file of a given type as a volume of its own, similar to a <a href="Loop_device" title="Loop device">loop device</a>. The OS refers to this function as an image filing system. This allows transparent handling of archives and similar files, which appear as directories with some special properties. Files inside the image file appear in the hierarchy underneath the parent archive. It is not necessary for the archive to contain the data it refers to: some symbolic link and network share file systems put a reference inside the image file and go elsewhere for the data.

The file system abstraction layer <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> uses 32-bit file offsets, making the largest single file 4 <a href="Gibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibibyte">GiB</a> (minus 1 byte) long. However, prior to RISC OS 5.20 the file system abstraction layer and many RISC OS-native file systems limited support to 31 bits (just under 2 GiB) to avoid dealing with apparently negative file extents when expressed in <a href="Two's_complement" title="Two's complement">two's complement</a> notation.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_formats">File formats</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="List_of_RISC_OS_filetypes" title="List of RISC OS filetypes">List of RISC OS filetypes</a></div>

The OS uses <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> to distinguish <a href="File_format" title="File format">file formats</a>. Some <a href="List_of_file_formats" title="List of file formats">common file formats</a> from other systems are mapped to filetypes by the MimeMap module.<a href="#cite_note-iyonix-29">[27]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kernel">Kernel</h3></div>

The RISC OS kernel is single-tasking and controls handling of <a href="Interrupt" title="Interrupt">interrupts</a>, <a href="Direct_memory_access" title="Direct memory access">DMA</a> services, memory allocation and the video display; the cooperative multi-tasking is provided by the WindowManager module.<a href="#cite_note-byte_tired-20">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desktop">Desktop</h3></div>

The <a href="WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a> interface is based on a <a href="Stacking_window_manager" title="Stacking window manager">stacking window manager</a> and incorporates three <a href="Mouse_button" title="Mouse button">mouse buttons</a><a href="#cite_note-Ryan2011-30">[28]</a> (named Select, Menu and Adjust), <a href="Context-sensitive_user_interface" title="Context-sensitive user interface">context-sensitive</a> menus, window order control (i.e. send to back) and dynamic window <a href="Focus_(computing)" title="Focus (computing)">focus</a> (a window can have input focus at any position on the stack). The <a href="Icon_bar" title="Icon bar">icon bar</a> (<a href="Dock_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (computing)">Dock</a>) holds icons which represent mounted disc drives, RAM discs, running applications, system utilities and docked: files, directories or inactive applications. These icons have context-sensitive menus and support <a href="Drag-and-drop" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag-and-drop">drag-and-drop</a> operation. They represent the running application as a whole, irrespective of whether it has open windows.

The GUI functions on the concept of files. The Filer, a <a href="Spatial_file_manager" title="Spatial file manager">spatial file manager</a>, displays the contents of a disc. Applications are run from the Filer view and files can be dragged to the Filer view from applications to perform saves, rather than opening a separate 'Save' dialog box where the user must navigate to a location already visible in the Finder. In addition, files can be directly transferred between applications by dragging a save icon into another application's window.

<a href="Application_directories" class="mw-redirect" title="Application directories">Application directories</a> are used to store applications. The OS differentiates them from normal directories through the use of an <a href="Exclamation_mark#Computing" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a> (also called a pling or shriek) prefix. Double-clicking on such a directory launches the application rather than opening the directory. The application's executable files and resources are contained within the directory, but normally they remain hidden from the user. Because applications are self-contained, this allows drag-and-drop installing and removing.

The RISC OS Style Guide encourages a consistent <a href="Look_and_feel" title="Look and feel">look and feel</a> across applications. This was introduced in RISC OS 3 and specifies application appearance and behaviour. Acorn's own main <a href="#Bundled_applications">bundled applications</a> were not updated to comply with the guide until <a href="RISCOS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISCOS Ltd">RISCOS Ltd</a>'s Select release in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-iconbar_possibly_influential-31">[29]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Font_manager">Font manager</h3></div>

RISC OS was the first operating system to provide scalable anti-aliased fonts.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> Anti-aliased fonts were already familiar from Arthur, and their presence in RISC OS was confirmed in an early 1989 preview,<a href="#cite_note-PCW_1989-01-36">[34]</a> featuring in the final RISC OS 2 product, launched in April 1989.<a href="#cite_note-acornuser198902-37">[35]</a>

A new version of the font manager employing "new-style outline fonts" was made available after the release of RISC OS,<a href="#cite_note-acornuser198904_fonts-38">[36]</a> offering full support for the printing of scalable fonts, and was provided with Acorn Desktop Publisher.<a href="#cite_note-acornuser198910-39">[37]</a> It was also made available separately and bundled with other applications.<a href="#cite_note-acornuser199004_font-40">[38]</a> This <a href="Outline_font" class="mw-redirect" title="Outline font">outline font</a> manager provides support for the rendering of font outlines to bitmaps for screen and printer use, employing <a href="Spatial_anti-aliasing" title="Spatial anti-aliasing">anti-aliasing</a> for on-screen fonts, utilising sub-pixel anti-aliasing and caching for small font sizes.<a href="#cite_note-raine1991-41">[39]</a> At the time of the introduction of Acorn's outline font manager, the developers of rival desktop systems were either contemplating or promising outline font support for still-unreleased products such as Macintosh <a href="System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a> and <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> version 2.<a href="#cite_note-acornuser198911_mytype-42">[40]</a>

From 1993, starting with the German RISC OS 3.12, and in 1994 for RISC OS 3.5, it has been possible to use an outline anti-aliased font in the WindowManager for UI elements, rather than the <a href="Bitmap_fonts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitmap fonts">bitmap system font</a> from previous versions.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-acorn_an253-44">[42]</a> RISC OS 4 does not support <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> but "RISC OS 5 provides a Unicode Font Manager which is able to display Unicode characters and accept text in <a href="UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, UTF-16 and UTF-32. Other parts of the RISC OS kernel and core modules support text described in UTF-8."<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a>

Support for the characters of RISC OS (and some other historic computers) was added to <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> 13.0 (in 2020).<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bundled_applications">Bundled applications</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="List_of_RISC_OS_bundled_applications" title="List of RISC OS bundled applications">List of RISC OS bundled applications</a></div>

RISC OS is available in several distributions, all of which include a small standard set of <a href="Desktop_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop application">desktop applications</a>, but some of which also include a much wider set of useful programs. Some of those richer distributions are freely available, some are paid for.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backward_compatibility">Backward compatibility</h2></div>

Limited <a href="Software_portability" title="Software portability">software portability</a> exists with subsequent versions of the OS and hardware. Single-tasking <a href="BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a> applications often require only trivial changes, if any. Successive OS upgrades have raised more serious issues of <a href="Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatibility</a> for desktop applications and games.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Applications still being maintained by their author(s) or others have sometimes historically been amended to provide compatibility.

The introduction of the <a href="RiscPC" class="mw-redirect" title="RiscPC">RiscPC</a> in 1994 and its later <a href="StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a> upgrade raised issues of incompatible code sequences and proprietary squeezing (<a href="Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a>). <a href="Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">Patching</a> of applications for the StrongARM was facilitated and Acorn's UnsqueezeAIF software unsqueezed images according to their <a href="AIF_header" class="mw-redirect" title="AIF header">AIF header</a>.<a href="#cite_note-riscos_an_295_1996-48">[46]</a> The incompatibilities prompted release by The ARM Club of its Game On!<a href="#cite_note-acornarcade_foggy_2001-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-armclub_2001-50">[48]</a> and StrongGuard software.<a href="#cite_note-acornarcade_foggy_2001-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-armclub_2009-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-acornarcade_mckillop_2000-52">[50]</a> They allowed some formerly incompatible software to run on new and upgraded systems. The version of the OS for the <a href="A9home" title="A9home">A9home</a> prevented the running of software without an AIF header (in accord with Application Note 295)<a href="#cite_note-riscos_2006-53">[51]</a> to stop "trashing the desktop".<a href="#cite_note-drobe_williams_2006-54">[52]</a>

The <a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix PC</a> (RISC OS 5) and <a href="A9home" title="A9home">A9home</a> (custom RISC OS 4) saw further software incompatibility because of the deprecated <a href="26-bit_computing" title="26-bit computing">26-bit</a> addressing modes. Most applications under active development have since been rewritten.<a href="#cite_note-riscworld_thompson_v7i2-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-riscworld_thompson_v8i2-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-wrocc_versions-57">[55]</a> <a href="Static_code_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Static code analysis">Static code analysis</a> to detect 26-bit-only sequences can be undertaken using ARMalyser.<a href="#cite_note-riscworld_brett_v7i1-58">[56]</a> Its output can be helpful in making 32-bit versions of older applications for which the source code is unavailable.<a href="#cite_note-riscworld_brett_v3i1-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-riscworld_brett_v7i1-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-armclub-60">[58]</a> Some older 26-bit software can be run without modification using the <a href="Aemulor" title="Aemulor">Aemulor</a> emulator.<a href="#cite_note-wrocc_versions-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-drobe_williams_2002-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-drobe_williams_2003-62">[60]</a>

Additional incompatibilities were introduced with newer <a href="ARM_core" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM core">ARM cores</a>, such as ARMv7 in the <a href="BeagleBoard" title="BeagleBoard">BeagleBoard</a> and ARMv8 in the <a href="Raspberry_Pi_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Raspberry Pi 3">Raspberry Pi 3</a>. This includes changes to unaligned memory access in ARMv6/v7 and removal of the SWP instructions in ARMv8.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supported_hardware">Supported hardware</h2></div>

RISC OS has also been used by both Acorn and <a href="Pace_Micro_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pace Micro Technology">Pace Micro Technology</a> in various TV connected <a href="Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a>, sometimes referred to instead as <a href="NCOS" title="NCOS">NCOS</a>. A special cut down RISC OS Pico (for 16MiB cards and larger) styled to start up like a <a href="BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a> was released for <a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC's</a> 50th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> <a href="SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a> images have been released for downloading free of charge to <a href="Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a> 1, 2, 3, & 4 users with a full <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) version<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> and a <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> only version (RISC OS Pico, at 3.8 MB).<a href="#cite_note-Pico-66">[64]</a>

Versions of RISC OS run or have run on the following hardware: (<a href="RISC_OS_Open_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC OS Open Limited">RISC OS Open Limited</a> adopted<a href="#cite_note-Stable_release_criteria-67">[65]</a> the '<a href="Software_versioning#Odd-numbered_versions_for_development_releases" title="Software versioning">even numbers are stable</a>' version numbering scheme post version 5.14, hence some table entries above include two latest releases – the last stable one and the more recent development one.)

<caption>RISC OS compatible hardware

</caption>

<th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Machine</th>

<th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"><a href="Arm_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Arm architecture">ARM architecture</a></th>

<th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">Introduced</th>

<th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"><a href="Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn</a> version</th>

<th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"><a href="RISCOS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISCOS Ltd">RISCOS Ltd</a> version</th>

<th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;"><a href="Castle_Technology" title="Castle Technology">Castle Technology</a>, <a href="RISC_OS_Open" title="RISC OS Open">RISC OS Open</a> version

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>First</th>

<th>First</th>

<th>First</th>

<th>Latest

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="8">ARM with <a href="26-bit_computing" title="26-bit computing">26-bit</a> program counter

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Acorn_Archimedes" title="Acorn Archimedes">Acorn Archimedes</a></td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="8">ARM with 26- & 32-bit program counter

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Risc_PC" title="Risc PC">Acorn Risc PC</a></td>

<td rowspan="2">5.30<a href="#cite_note-downloads/riscpc-70">[68]</a>/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Acorn_A7000" title="Acorn A7000">Acorn A7000 and A7000+</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Acorn_Phoebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorn Phoebe">Acorn Phoebe</a> (cancelled)</td>

<td>3.80 (Ursula)</td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>MicroDigital Medi<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a></td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>MicroDigital Mico</td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>RiscStation R7500</td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Castle Kinetic RiscPC</td>

<td>5.30<a href="#cite_note-downloads/riscpc-70">[68]</a>/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="MicroDigital_Omega" title="MicroDigital Omega">MicroDigital Omega</a></td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Advantage Six A75</td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="8">ARM with 32-bit program counter

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix Ltd Iyonix PC</a></td>

<td>5.30<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a>/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="A9home" title="A9home">Advantage Six A9</a> (Home/RM/Loc)</td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="BeagleBoard" title="BeagleBoard">BeagleBoard</a><a href="#cite_note-theinquirer_snaps_leak-9">[9]</a></td>

<td rowspan="5">5.30<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a>/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="IGEPv2" title="IGEPv2">IGEPv2</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a></td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>DevKit8000</td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Always Innovating <a href="Touch_Book" title="Touch Book">Touch Book</a></td>

<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>OpenPandora's <a href="Pandora_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandora (console)">Pandora</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="PandaBoard" title="PandaBoard">PandaBoard</a><a href="#cite_note-iconbar_old_news_for_you-87">[85]</a></td>

<td>5.30<a href="#cite_note-ROOL_news_2015-04-25-12">[11]</a>/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a> (1 - 4 and compatible)<a href="#cite_note-osnews_risc_os-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a></td>

<td>5.30/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISEE_(company)#IGEPv5" title="ISEE (company)">IGEPv5</a><a href="#cite_note-RISC_OS_on_IGEPv5-91">[89]</a></td>

<td>5.30/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Wandboard Quad<a href="#cite_note-armx6_formally_announced_at_last-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mx6-93">[91]</a></td>

<td>5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Titanium<a href="#cite_note-pedal_to_the_metal-94">[92]</a></td>

<td>5.30/5.31

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Pinebook" title="Pinebook">Pinebook</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a></td>

<td>5.31

</td></tr>

</tbody></table>

RISC OS can also run on a range of computer system emulators that emulate the earlier Acorn machines listed above:

<caption>RISC OS capable hardware emulators

</caption>

<th>Emulator</th>

<th>Machines emulated</th>

<th>Host platforms supported</th>

<th>Latest release

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="6">Archimedes</td>

<td>0.59

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Archie<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a></td>

<td><a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></td>

<td>0.9 – 10 February 2001

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ArchiEmu<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a></td>

<td>0.53.3 – 7 December 2014

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ArcEm<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a></td>

<td>Windows, <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, RISC OS</td>

<td>1.50.1 – 18 December 2015

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Arculator<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a></td>

<td>Windows, Linux</td>

<td>2.2 – 24 June 2023

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="VirtualAcorn" title="VirtualAcorn">Virtual A5000</a></td>

<td rowspan="2">Windows</td>

<td>1.4

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Red Squirrel<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a></td>

<td>Archimedes, Risc PC, A7000</td>

<td>0.6 – 28 October 2002

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>RPCEmu<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a></td>

<td>Risc PC, A7000, Phoebe</td>

<td>Windows, Linux, macOS, <a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></td>

<td>0.9.5 – 23 October 2024

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="VirtualAcorn" title="VirtualAcorn">VirtualRPC</a></td>

<td>Windows, macOS</td>

<td>5 September 2014<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_C/C%2B%2B" title="Acorn C/C++">Acorn C/C++</a></li>

<li><a href="ArtWorks" title="ArtWorks">ArtWorks</a></li>

<li><a href="Drobe" title="Drobe">Drobe</a></li>

<li><a href="ROX_Desktop" title="ROX Desktop">ROX Desktop</a>, a graphical desktop environment for the X Window System, inspired by the user interface of RISC OS</li>

<li><a href="Sibelius_(scorewriter)" title="Sibelius (scorewriter)">Sibelius (scorewriter)</a>, originally an application for RISC OS, rewritten for Windows in 1998</li>

<li><a href="RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">RISC OS character set</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> (such as that used in the <a href="BeagleBoard" title="BeagleBoard">BeagleBoard</a> and <a href="Touch_Book" title="Touch Book">Touch Book</a>)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> (such as that used in the <a href="PandaBoard" title="PandaBoard">PandaBoard</a>)

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

<li id="cite_note-arthur_os_copyright_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-arthur_os_copyright_note_1-0">^</a> copyright notice Arthur 1.20 (25 September 1987)

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFRevill2024" class="citation web cs1">Revill, Steve (27 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riscosopen.org/news/articles/2024/04/27/risc-os-5-30-now-available">"RISC OS 5.30 now available"</a>. <a href="RISC_OS_Open" title="RISC OS Open">RISC OS Open</a>. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riscosopen.org/news/articles/2018/10/22/risc-os-is-open-for-business">RISC OS is open for business!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022204607/https://www.riscosopen.org/news/articles/2018/10/22/risc-os-is-open-for-business">Archived</a> 22 October 2018 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RISC OS Open Ltd, accessed 23 October 2018

</li>

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<li id="cite_note-RISC_OS_on_IGEPv5-91"><a href="#cite_ref-RISC_OS_on_IGEPv5_91-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/9/topics/2803">"RISC OS on IGEPv5"</a>. 9 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411204755/https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/9/topics/2803">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2014.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-armx6_formally_announced_at_last-92"><a href="#cite_ref-armx6_formally_announced_at_last_92-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHudd2015" class="citation web cs1">Hudd, Vince M. (1 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riscository.com/2015/armx6-formally-announced/">"ARMX6 formally announced at last"</a>. RISCOSitory. Soft Rock Software. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104182418/http://www.riscository.com/2015/armx6-formally-announced/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2015. <q>[...] The heart of the machine is a Freescale i.MX 6 series processor [...]</q></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-pedal_to_the_metal-94"><a href="#cite_ref-pedal_to_the_metal_94-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riscosopen.org/news/articles/2015/10/23/preview-of-a-whole-new-risc-os-platform">"Preview of a whole new RISC OS platform"</a>. 23 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124070340/https://www.riscosopen.org/news/articles/2015/10/23/preview-of-a-whole-new-risc-os-platform">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Pinebook%20port">"Pinebook port"</a>. 8 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tellima.nl/riscos/">"Tellima"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081521/http://www.tellima.nl/riscos/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arcem.sourceforge.net/">"ArcEm – The Acorn Archimedes Emulator"</a>. Arcem.sourceforge.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809130647/http://arcem.sourceforge.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/arculator/">"Arculator – The Acorn Archimedes Emulator"</a>. B-em.bbcmicro.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621075124/http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/arculator/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2019.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marutan.net/rpcemu/">"RPCEmu"</a>. Marutan.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043123/http://www.marutan.net/rpcemu/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualacorn.co.uk/news.htm">"VirtualAcorn"</a>. virtualacorn.co.uk.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riscosopen.org/content">Official website</a> RISC OS Open</li></ul>

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</style><div id="RISC_OS414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> Category: RISC OS software</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main companiesa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Castle_Technology" title="Castle Technology">Castle Technology</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_Archimedes" title="Acorn Archimedes">Archimedes series</a></li>

<li><a href="RiscPC" class="mw-redirect" title="RiscPC">RiscPC series</a></li>

<li><a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aemulor" title="Aemulor">Aemulor</a></li>

<li><a href="VirtualAcorn" title="VirtualAcorn">VirtualAcorn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key softwareb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ArtWorks" title="ArtWorks">ArtWorks</a></li>

<li><a href="Impression_(software)" title="Impression (software)">Impression</a></li>

<li><a href="NetSurf" title="NetSurf">NetSurf</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_RISC_OS_bundled_applications" title="List of RISC OS bundled applications">Bundled applications</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MakeModes" title="MakeModes">MakeModes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ARM_system-on-chip_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM system-on-chip architecture">ARM system-on-chip architecture</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related and historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn Computers</a></li>

<li><a href="ARM_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM Holdings">ARM Holdings</a></li>

<li><a href="Element_14_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Element 14 (company)">Element 14</a></li>

<li><a href="Galileo_(operating_system)" title="Galileo (operating system)">Galileo</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_RISC_OS" title="History of RISC OS">History of RISC OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoebe_(computer)" title="Phoebe (computer)">Phoebe</a></li>

<li><a href="RISCOS_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="RISCOS Ltd">RISCOS Ltd</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Electronic_Font_Foundry" title="The Electronic Font Foundry">The Electronic Font Foundry</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>a Current companies only</li>

<li>b Addition of major functionality</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acorn_Computers81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Acorn_Computers81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn Computers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_MOS" title="Acorn MOS">Acorn MOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Panos_(operating_system)" title="Panos (operating system)">Panos</a></li>

<li><a href="Galileo_(operating_system)" title="Galileo (operating system)">Galileo</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8-bit <a href="Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_System_1" title="Acorn System 1">Microcomputer</a></li>

<li><a href="Acorn_System" title="Acorn System">Systems 2 to 5</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Micro" title="BBC Micro">BBC Micro</a> (Proton)</li>

<li><a href="Acorn_Electron" title="Acorn Electron">Electron</a></li>

<li><a href="Acorn_Communicator" title="Acorn Communicator">Communicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Acorn_Business_Computer" title="Acorn Business Computer">Business Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="BBC_Master" title="BBC Master">BBC Master</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">32-bit <a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PCs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn_Archimedes" title="Acorn Archimedes">Archimedes range</a></li>

<li><a href="Acorn_Network_Computer" title="Acorn Network Computer">Network Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoebe_(computer)" title="Phoebe (computer)">Phoebe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives, clones, compatibles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8-bit microcomputers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BBC_Master#Olivetti_Prodest_PC_128_S" title="BBC Master">Prodest PC 128 S</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">32-bit PCs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>ARMini (<a href="BeagleBoard-xM" class="mw-redirect" title="BeagleBoard-xM">BeagleBoard-xM</a>)</li>

<li>BIK (<a href="BeagleBoard-xM" class="mw-redirect" title="BeagleBoard-xM">BeagleBoard-xM</a> in Kiste)</li>

<li><a href="MicroDigital_Omega" title="MicroDigital Omega">Omega</a></li>

<li>RiscStation R7500</li>

<li><a href="Iyonix_PC" title="Iyonix PC">Iyonix</a></li>

<li>Titanium</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">32-bit <a href="Microprocessor_development_board" title="Microprocessor development board">dev boards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BeagleBoard" title="BeagleBoard">BeagleBoard</a></li>

<li>DevKit8000</li>

<li><a href="IGEPv2" title="IGEPv2">IGEPv2</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandora_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandora (console)">Pandora</a></li>

<li><a href="PandaBoard" title="PandaBoard">PandaBoard</a></li>

<li><a href="Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></li>

<li><a href="Touch_Book" title="Touch Book">Touch Book</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Operating_systems310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of operating systems">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Forensic_software_engineering" title="Forensic software engineering">Forensic engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_operating_systems" title="History of operating systems">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_user_features_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of user features of operating systems">User features comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_operating_system" title="Distributed operating system">Distributed operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">Embedded operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Hobbyist_operating_system" title="Hobbyist operating system">Hobbyist operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Just_enough_operating_system" title="Just enough operating system">Just enough operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">Network operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_operating_system" title="Object-oriented operating system">Object-oriented operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputer_operating_system" title="Supercomputer operating system">Supercomputer operating system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multikernel" title="Multikernel">Multikernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Unikernel" title="Unikernel">Unikernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Loadable kernel module</a></li>

<li><a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">User space and kernel space</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">Computer multitasking</a> (<a href="Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">Cooperative</a>, <a href="Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Context_switch" title="Context switch">Context switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Interrupt" title="Interrupt">Interrupt</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_control_block" title="Process control block">Process control block</a></li>

<li><a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling">Fixed-priority preemptive</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilevel_feedback_queue" title="Multilevel feedback queue">Multilevel feedback queue</a></li>

<li><a href="Round-robin_scheduling" title="Round-robin scheduling">Round-robin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortest_job_next" title="Shortest job next">Shortest job next</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Memory_management_(operating_systems)" title="Memory management (operating systems)">Memory management</a>, <a href="System_resource" title="System resource">resource</a> protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_error" title="Bus error">Bus error</a></li>

<li><a href="General_protection_fault" title="General protection fault">General protection fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">Memory protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Protection_ring" title="Protection ring">Protection ring</a></li>

<li><a href="Segmentation_fault" title="Segmentation fault">Segmentation fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Storage</a> access, <a href="File_system" title="File system">file systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Booting#BOOT-LOADER" title="Booting">Boot loader</a></li>

<li><a href="Defragmentation" title="Defragmentation">Defragmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_file" title="Device file">Device file</a></li>

<li><a href="File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a></li>

<li><a href="Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li>

<li><a href="Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Partition</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_tape_library" title="Virtual tape library">Virtual tape library</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Shell</a>

<li><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=RISC_OS&oldid=1304324202">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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